Sabado, Marso 21, 2015

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NETWORKING


Network - two or more computer system linked together.
Packets - is the unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network.


LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Connects devices over a short distance.


Metropolitan Area Network "MAN"
Usually owned by a government body.



Wide Area Network "WAN"
Spans a large physical distance such as the Internet
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Machine Cycle

Also called as "processor cycle" or :instruction cycle".
Operation performed by a CPU


 SEQUENCE OF 3 STEPS
1.FETCH 
2.DECODE
3.EXECUTE





FETCH - retrieve an instruction from the memory.
DECODE - translate the instructions into computer commands.
EXECUTE - execute the computer commands.
STORE - write the results back into the memory.
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BINARY SYSTEM

 Binary number - number that includes only ones and zeroes.
- Also called as "base-2"
EX: 101011
      11101
10
    1111







Decimal number - The numbers that we are used to see.
- Consists of numbers 0 -9 
EX: 123
        256
       705
                7678     
            19853 
       






- every binary has a corresponding decimal number so is the decimal which always have a corresponding binary number.




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CONVERSION

BINARY – DECIMAL (Positional Notation)



DECIMAL – BINARY (Division by Two with Remainder)






BINARY- HEXADECIMAL (4 bits = 1 hex digit)




HEXADECIMAL – BINARY (1 hex digit = 4 bits)



DECIMAL – HEXADECIMAL (Dec-Bin-Hex)( /16 )



HEXADECIMAL – DECIMAL (Hex-Bin-Dec])(Place Values)

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4 Most Important Characteristics Of A Storage Device





SPEED AND ACCESS TIME
- How fast information can be taken or stored in.

COST
- Its memory price

CAPACITY
-Amount of information that can be stored to it.
\
TYPE OF ACCESS
- Sequencial
-Random
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BIT - Smallest unit of data that the computer use. Represents two kinds of information like "yes" or "no".


BYTE - Equal to 8 Bits. Can represent 256 states of information. Can be a combination of letters and numbers.






BITS ON BYTES


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Data Representation 
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Two types of data stored in  a computer.
- Original Data - Data introduced to the system for the first time.
- Previously Stored Data - Data already used and have been stored for further use.


 DIGITIZING
-  Process of taking visual images, etc and converting it to binary form for the computer.


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Common Technologies for Storing Binary Information

 ELECTRONIC

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MAGNETIC

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OPTICAL
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